2025, a year of stabilization amid political tension
2025 was not the year of the predicted shift, but rather a period of consolidation in which, under regulatory pressure, legacy engines and networks held their ground, with search remaining dominant despite the explosion of conversational AI, traditional information declining among young people, and the "post-screen" world and LLMs threatening…
Europe: more integration or less Union
Despite repeated pro-European declarations in Brussels and other capitals, a much more fundamental debate is taking hold: should integration be deepened further to boost competitiveness, should the regulatory machine be brought to a halt, or should certain powers of the Union even be reduced? Behind the quarrels over simplification and…
AI: Complaint by news publishers against Google
Faced with a collapse in traffic and the massive integration of AI into Google Search, the European Publishers Council has filed a complaint in Brussels against Google and Alphabet on the basis of competition law. The publishers denounce the capture of their content "without authorization, without effective removal mechanisms, and…
Spotify, the algorithmic cultural orchestrator in the making…
Spotify is transforming AI into a discreet but omnipresent infrastructure, personalizing discovery, organizing content circulation, and optimizing monetization, positioning itself as a true algorithmic cultural orchestrator rather than a simple audio platform. AI is everywhere at Spotify. While public debate on artificial intelligence largely focuses on conversational assistants and automated…
Disinformation: a European battle entrusted to a select few
Originally designed to counter foreign interference, the European fight against disinformation has gradually expanded and become structured around an institutionalized ecosystem combining public funding, certified expertise, and partnerships with platforms. Behind this apparent consensus, one question remains largely unanswered: who are the actors responsible for this mission, and why are…
DG JUST vs. DG CONNECT: battle for power over platforms
Digital regulation no longer pits Brussels against platforms, but also pits directorates-general against each other. With TikTok, DG Connect is using the DSA to intervene in service design. With the Digital Fairness Act, DG Justice is preparing a text to do exactly the same thing. Behind the rhetoric of protection,…
Social media: when the temptation to ban takes precedence over evidence
As the European Union moves toward widespread bans and age verification on social media, the question is not whether these practices pose problems, but whether the available evidence justifies such a uniform and restrictive response. At this stage, this is not the case. The desire to ban minors from social…